Antioxidant ingredient
Phloretin
A dihydrochalcone polyphenol (aglycone of phloridzin) extracted from apple (Malus domestica) bark, roots, and leaves. Neutralizes free radicals via hydrogen-atom transfer and single-electron transfer mechanisms; inhibits tyrosinase (mixed-type, IC50 169 µM) to reduce melanin precursors for brightening; and suppresses NF-κB via direct TLR2 binding for anti-inflammatory benefit. Clinically studied at 2% in combination with L-ascorbic acid and ferulic acid — this triple combination significantly reduced UV-induced markers (MMP-9, thymine dimers, p53) in a peer-reviewed trial (Oresajo et al. 2008). The active ingredient in SkinCeuticals Phloretin CF.
antioxidantbrighteninganti-inflammatory
Benefits
- ✓Neutralizes free radicals via HAT and SET mechanisms — potent antioxidant protection
- ✓Inhibits tyrosinase and reduces melanin precursors for brighter, more even skin tone
- ✓Clinically shown to reduce UV-induced damage markers in combination with vitamin C and ferulic acid
- ✓Anti-inflammatory — directly inhibits TLR2/NF-κB signalling to reduce redness and irritation
- ✓Antibacterial activity against P. acnes at low concentrations
Watch for
- ⚠Rare allergic contact sensitization reported (positive patch test at 2% in an atopic dermatitis patient, Contact Dermatitis 2024)
- ⚠Formulation-sensitive: requires pH 4–6.5 and a glycol/alcohol vehicle for stability; degrades rapidly outside this window
Compatibility
✓ Works well with
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Ferulic Acid
