The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2178 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

366 ingredients in Other — page 13 of 16

Other
Sodium Bicarbonate

An inorganic bicarbonate salt (baking soda) used in cosmetics primarily as a pH adjuster and buffering agent, and occasionally as a mild abrasive in cleansing formulas.

ph-adjusterbuffering-agentabrasive
Neutralizes acids to raise and buffer formula pHGentle physical exfoliant in scrubs
Can disrupt skin barrier if applied at high concentrations without bufferingAlkaline pH can irritate sensitive skin with prolonged contact
Other
Sodium Carbonate

Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), also known as soda ash. Used as an alkalizing agent and pH adjuster in cosmetic formulas at low concentrations. Distinct from sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, NaHCO₃).

ph-adjusteralkalizing-agent
Used as a pH adjuster/alkalizing agent to raise formula pH and maintain stabilityFunctions at trace concentrations — well below irritation thresholds in finished products
Strongly alkaline in solution; can be irritating at high concentrationsUsed at trace amounts in finished cosmetics — not a primary active
Other
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE

The sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, a cellulose derivative. Used as a thickener, binder, and film-forming agent in cosmetics. Provides gel-like consistency.

viscosity-increasingfilm-former
Thickens and stabilizes formulasFilm-forming — helps ingredients adhere to skin
+ Xanthan Gum+ Carbomer
Other
Sodium Chloride

Common salt used to adjust the viscosity and stability of water-based cosmetic formulas.

viscosity-modifierelectrolyte
Adjusts product viscosityStabilizes emulsions and solution formulas
Other
Sodium Citrate

A salt of citric acid used to buffer and stabilize formula pH and to chelate trace metal ions.

ph-adjusterchelator
Keeps formula pH stableChelates metal ions to protect formula
Other
Sodium Formate

The sodium salt of formic acid (methanoic acid). Used as a pH-buffering and stabilizing agent in cosmetic formulas. Naturally present in trace amounts in some plant extracts.

bufferingpH-adjusting
Sodium salt of formic acid used as a mild pH buffer and processing aid at trace levels
Other
Sodium Gluconate

The sodium salt of gluconic acid, used as a chelating agent and sequestrant in cosmetics to bind calcium and magnesium ions, improving formula stability and enhancing preservative effectiveness.

Chelating agentSequestrantpH buffer
Chelates hard water minerals to improve formula stability and textureEnhances preservative efficacy by binding metal ionsBiodegradable alternative to EDTA-based chelants
Other
Sodium Glycerophosphate

The sodium salt of glycerophosphoric acid, used as a skin-conditioning agent and mild pH adjuster or buffer in cosmetic formulations.

skin-conditioningph-adjuster
Mild skin-conditioning agentContributes to formula buffering
Other
Sodium Glycolate

The sodium salt of glycolic acid. Functions primarily as a pH-buffering and stabilizing agent in cosmetic formulas.

bufferingpH-adjusting
Sodium salt of glycolic acid functioning as a pH buffer and processing aidMay contribute minimal exfoliating or chelating activity as a glycolate salt
Other
Sodium Hyaluronate Dimethylsilanol

A hybrid conjugate of sodium hyaluronate and dimethylsilanol that combines the humectant properties of hyaluronic acid with the film-forming, skin-smoothing benefits of organosilicon chemistry.

humectantfilm-formerskin-conditioning
Combines hyaluronic acid hydration with silanol skin-conditioningLeaves a smooth, silky film on skinSupports moisture retention
Other
Sodium Hydroxide

A strong base used in tiny amounts to adjust pH.

ph-adjuster
Balances formula pH
Other
Sodium Metabisulfite

An inorganic sulfite used as a formula antioxidant and preservative booster that prevents oxidation of sensitive ingredients such as vitamins and botanical extracts.

antioxidantpreservative-booster
Prevents oxidative degradation of active ingredients and oils in formulasExtends product shelf life
Sulfite compound — potential sensitizer for sulfite-sensitive individualsUsed at low levels in cosmetics; generally well tolerated
Other
Sodium Metaphosphate

An inorganic phosphate polymer used as a chelating agent and pH adjuster in cosmetics; sequestrates calcium and magnesium ions to improve formula stability and preservative efficacy.

chelatorph-adjusterviscosity-modifier
Chelates calcium and other mineral ions to improve formula stabilityAdjusts pHCan improve skin feel by softening hard-water minerals in rinse-off formulas
Other
Sodium Methyl Sulfate

A sodium salt used primarily as a counterion or processing-related residual in cosmetic formulations, typically present in trace amounts from manufacturing of quaternary surfactants.

solventprocessing-aid
Used as a processing aid or counterion in cosmetic ingredient synthesis
Trace residual from quaternary compound manufacturing; not a functional ingredient per se
Other
Sodium Phosphate

The monosodium salt of phosphoric acid (NaH2PO4) used as a pH adjuster and buffering agent in cosmetic and personal care formulations.

ph-adjusterbuffering-agent
Adjusts and stabilizes formula pH in the acidic rangeCommon buffer component in cosmetic formulations
Other
Sodium Phytate

A natural chelating agent derived from rice bran or corn that stabilizes formulas by sequestering trace metals and boosting preservative performance.

chelatorpreservative-booster
Binds trace metal ions (iron, copper, calcium) to prevent oxidation and formula degradationBoosts preservative efficacy by making the environment hostile to microbesBiodegradable alternative to synthetic EDTA
Other
Sodium Polyacrylate

A superabsorbent sodium salt of polyacrylic acid used as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in serums, essences, and gel-cream formulas.

thickenerfilm-formeremulsion-stabilizer
Thickens and stabilizes gels and emulsionsCreates a smooth, cushiony texture
Other
Sodium Polyacryloyldimethyl Taurate

A synthetic polymer that thickens and stabilizes emulsions for a smooth, cushiony texture.

thickeneremulsion-stabilizer
Improves texture and stability
Other
Sodium RNA

The sodium salt of ribonucleic acid (RNA), used as a skin-conditioning agent that improves the feel and suppleness of skin in cosmetic formulations.

skin-conditioning
Skin conditioning; leaves skin softer and smootherNon-comedogenic
Other
Sodium Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer

A synthetic anionic copolymer of styrene and acrylates used as a film former, opacifier, and viscosity controller in cosmetic formulations including sunscreens and toners.

film-formingopacifyingviscosity-controlling
Forms durable films for water-resistant sun care and cosmetic formulasProvides opacity and texture control
Synthetic polymer; high molecular weight limits skin penetrationCIR Expert Panel assessed as safe as used in cosmetics
Other
Sodium Sulfate

An inorganic sodium salt of sulfuric acid used as a viscosity-controlling agent and processing aid in cosmetic formulations.

viscosity-controllingprocessing-aid
Contributes to viscosity and formula texture
High concentrations may cause skin dryness
Other
Sodium Trehalose Octenylsuccinate
SODIUM TREHALOSE OCTENYLSUCCINATE

A modified trehalose (a disaccharide) esterified with octenylsuccinic acid and neutralized with sodium. Functions as an emulsifier and film-forming humectant. Used in Rosette's cleansing paste.

emulsifierfilm-formerhumectant
Modified trehalose humectantFilm-forming and moisture retaining
+ Trehalose+ Glycerin
Other
Sodium Trimetaphosphate

A cyclic triphosphate salt (the trisodium salt of trimetaphosphoric acid), distinct from the simpler Sodium Metaphosphate. Functions primarily as a metal-ion chelator in cosmetic formulas, protecting actives and emulsion stability by sequestering trace metal ions that would otherwise catalyze oxidation. Used alongside Sodium Metaphosphate in some K-beauty hydration actives.

chelatingtexture-enhancing
Chelates metal ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺) that can catalyze oxidative degradation of active ingredientsHelps stabilize sensitive actives like vitamin C and retinoids by removing pro-oxidant metal ions from the formulaUsed in cross-linking hyaluronic acid in certain cosmetic applications
+ Hyaluronic Acid+ Sodium Hyaluronate
Other
Sorbeth-230 Tetraoleate

A polyethoxylated sorbitan tetraoleate (230 EO units) used as a mild nonionic emulsifier and solubilizer in cosmetic formulas.

emulsifiersolubilizerskin-conditioning
High-ethylene-oxide nonionic emulsifier providing gentle cleansing and stable oil-in-water emulsificationLow-irritation profile; used in sensitive-skin cleansers (e.g. Youth to the People Superfood Cleanser)