The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2161 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

36 ingredients in Preservative — page 1 of 2

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Preservative
Benzoic Acid

An aromatic acid used as a cosmetic preservative and pH adjuster, effective in acidic formulas; the free-acid form of sodium benzoate.

preservativeph-adjuster
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservationEffective in acidic formulas
Can cause non-immunologic contact urticaria (flushing/stinging) in some individuals, especially in products for infantsCIR and SCCS deem safe up to 2.5% rinse-off and 0.5% leave-on; manufacturers advised caution in infant products
Preservative
Benzyl Alcohol

A dual-function aromatic alcohol used as a preservative (max 1% EU) and fragrance solvent; also a listed fragrance allergen requiring label disclosure.

preservativefragrantsolvent
Broad-spectrum preservation against bacteria and yeastsCan serve as a solvent for fragrances
EU-regulated fragrance allergen (Annex III) — must be declared on-label above 0.001% in leave-on and 0.01% in rinse-off productsCan cause allergic contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals
Preservative
Capryl Hydroxamic Acid

A hydroxamic acid derivative of caprylic acid used as a preservative and chelating agent. Considered a mild, natural-derived preservative alternative to parabens.

preservativechelating
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservative derived from coconut oil (caprylic acid)Often combined with 1,2-Hexanediol for a paraben-free preservation system
May cause irritation in sensitive individuals at higher concentrations
+ 1,2-Hexanediol
Preservative
Caprylhydroxamic Acid

A hydroxamic acid preservative and chelator derived from caprylic acid that inhibits microbial growth by depriving bacteria and fungi of essential metal ions; popular in 'clean' and 'preservative-free' labelled formulas.

preservativechelator
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservation via metal-ion chelationEffective at low concentrations (≤0.3%)Compatible with a wide pH range
Typically combined with glycols for full-spectrum preservation; less effective alone against all microorganism classes
Preservative
Caprylyl Glycol

A multifunctional humectant that supports preservation.

humectantpreservative-booster
Light hydrationBoosts preservative system
Preservative
Cetrimonium Bromide

A quaternary ammonium cationic surfactant (CTAB) used as a cosmetic preservative (EU max 0.1%) with additional hair and skin conditioning properties.

preservativeconditioning
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservationCationic conditioning properties
EU Annex V max 0.1%; CIR considers safe ≤0.25% when formulated to be non-irritatingCan cause skin and eye irritation at higher concentrations
Preservative
Chlorhexidine Gluconate
CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE

A biguanide antimicrobial agent widely used in medical and cosmetic applications. Effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Used in Bijin Nuka's rice moisture cream as a preservative.

preservativeantimicrobial
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial — effective against bacteria, fungiBoosts preservative system
Can cause skin sensitization in some individualsNot recommended for open wounds or ear canal use
+ Phenoxyethanol+ Methylparaben
Preservative
Chlorphenesin

A chlorinated glycerol ether used as a broad-spectrum preservative at ≤0.3%, effective against bacteria and fungi with a low irritation profile.

preservative
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) at low use concentrations
Maximum permitted concentration 0.3% (EU); classified as non-irritant at cosmetic use levelsNot yet widely accepted in organic/natural certifications
Preservative
Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Seed Extract
CITRUS GRANDIS SEED EXTRACT

Extract from grapefruit seeds; used as a natural preservative booster and antimicrobial agent in Korean and clean-beauty formulas.

preservativeantimicrobialantioxidant
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity helps extend product shelf lifeAntioxidant properties from polyphenols and flavonoids
Commercial preparations sometimes contain synthetic preservatives like benzethonium chloride; purity varies by supplierMay cause irritation in high concentrations
Preservative
Climbazole

An imidazole-class antifungal preservative used in cosmetics. Inhibits fungal ergosterol synthesis. Particularly useful for preserving vitamin A (retinal/retinol) products against mold.

preservativeantifungal
Broad-spectrum antifungal preservative effective against Malassezia and Candida speciesUsed in Medik8's retinal formulas to protect vitamin A products from mold contamination
Potential endocrine disruptor (EU Category 2 concern) — avoid in products for young childrenEU Cosmetics Regulation restricts to max 0.5% in face products, 1% in hair products
Preservative
DMDM Hydantoin

A formaldehyde-releasing preservative that slowly releases trace formaldehyde to provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial protection in cosmetic formulations.

preservativeantimicrobial
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservation against bacteria, yeast, and mold
Formaldehyde-releasing preservative; releases small amounts of formaldehyde over time as its active mechanismMay cause contact dermatitis or sensitization in individuals with formaldehyde allergy
Preservative
Decylene Glycol

A 10-carbon 1,2-diol with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, often combined with caprylyl glycol or phenoxyethanol in paraben-free preservation. Provides mild skin-conditioning benefits.

preservativehumectantskin-conditioning
Multifunctional mild antimicrobial diol used in paraben-free preservation systemsAlso functions as a mild humectant and skin conditioner at low levels
Can cause mild irritation at higher concentrations (>5%); used at low preservative levels in formulas
+ Caprylyl Glycol+ Phenoxyethanol
Preservative
Dehydroacetic Acid

A naturally derived cyclic lactone preservative approved for both conventional and Ecocert/COSMOS-certified natural cosmetics, effective against bacteria and fungi.

preservative
Effective against bacteria and fungi at low concentrations (≤0.6%)Approved by Ecocert/COSMOS for natural/organic formulations
CIR assessed as safe; non-irritating and non-sensitizing in clinical testsOften paired with benzyl alcohol for broader spectrum coverage
Preservative
Ethylhexylglycerin

A preservative booster and skin-conditioning agent.

preservative-booster
Boosts preservationMild conditioning
Preservative
Ethylparaben

A short-chain paraben preservative fully permitted in the EU and US at up to 0.4%; among the most thoroughly tested preservatives in cosmetics.

preservative
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservation at low concentrations
Weak estrogenic activity; EU SCCS and CIR consider safe at permitted levels (≤0.4% as acid)Rare skin sensitization possible
Preservative
Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate

An iodine-containing organic preservative with strong antifungal and antibacterial activity. Used as a co-preservative at very low concentrations. Subject to strict concentration limits under EU Cosmetics Regulation.

preservativeantifungal
Highly effective broad-spectrum preservative (especially antifungal) active against molds, yeasts, and bacteria at very low concentrations (0.02–0.1%)
Strong sensitizer — EU restricts to 0.02% in leave-on face products; banned in lip products and products for children under 3Associated with allergic contact dermatitis; considered a high-concern preservative
Preservative
Isopropylmethylphenol
ISOPROPYLMETHYLPHENOL

A phenol-derived antimicrobial and quasi-drug active ingredient in Japan for acne treatment. Effective against Cutibacterium acnes. Used in Melano CC Essence for its antibacterial benefit alongside vitamin C brightening actives.

antimicrobialanti-acne
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial effective against acne-causing bacteriaCommon quasi-drug active in Japanese acne products
Possible contact sensitisation with repeated exposure
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate
Preservative
Laurylpyridinium Chloride

A quaternary ammonium chloride salt used at low concentrations in cosmetics as an antimicrobial preservative and antistatic agent, also employed as an antiseptic in pharmaceutical oral care products.

AntimicrobialAntistaticSurfactantDeodorant
Inhibits microbial growth, helping preserve cosmetic formulationsReduces static charge on hair and skin surfacesProvides mild deodorant effect via antimicrobial action
Quaternary ammonium compound — may cause skin sensitization or irritation at higher concentrationsRare in cosmetics (found in ~0.01% of products); safety data at cosmetic concentrations is limited compared to pharmaceutical antiseptic use
Preservative
Leuconostoc/Radish Root Ferment Filtrate

A natural preservative alternative produced by fermenting radish root with Leuconostoc bacteria, yielding antimicrobial peptides that protect formulas while conditioning skin.

preservativeskin-conditioningprebiotic
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservation from fermentation-derived peptidesSupports the skin microbiome with prebiotic propertiesMild and biodegradable alternative to synthetic preservatives
Preservative
Levulinic Acid

A naturally derived keto-acid used in cosmetics primarily as a mild preservative and pH stabilizer, with additional skin-conditioning properties.

PreservativeSkin conditioningpH adjuster
Inhibits bacterial and fungal growth, extending product shelf lifeHelps maintain optimal formulation pHMild moisturizing and skin-conditioning effect
Generally safe and well-tolerated per CIR Expert Panel 2025 safety assessment; rare irritation in very sensitive individuals
Preservative
Methylparaben

A short-chain paraben preservative permitted up to 0.4% in cosmetics under EU and US regulations; effective against bacteria and fungi.

preservative
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservation at low concentrations
Weak estrogenic activity; subject to ongoing regulatory scrutinyEU SCCS and CIR have deemed safe at ≤0.4% (as acid); avoid in products for infant nappy area
Preservative
O-Cymen-5-Ol

A synthetic phenol derivative (4-isopropyl-3-methylphenol) used as a broad-spectrum cosmetic preservative with antibacterial and antifungal activity; permitted up to 0.1% in the EU.

preservativeantimicrobial
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungiEffective at low concentrations (up to 0.1% EU / 0.5% CIR-assessed)
Neurotoxicity observed in animal studies at high doses (Japanese regulatory concern); EU permits up to 0.1% onlyAvoid in rinse-off vs leave-on: lower risk in rinse-off formulas
Preservative
P-Anisic Acid

An aromatic carboxylic acid preservative booster used at 0.05–0.3% in acidic formulas to inhibit bacteria and moulds and reinforce primary preservative systems.

preservativepreservative-booster
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial including anti-mould activityBoosts the efficacy of primary preservativesMild antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
Effective mainly in acidic systems (pH 4.5–5.5); efficacy drops significantly above pH 5.5Individual sensitivity possible at higher concentrations
Preservative
Phenoxyethanol

A widely used broad-spectrum preservative.

Keeps formula microbially safe
Rare sensitivity
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