The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2178 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

366 ingredients in Other — page 15 of 16

Other
Tribulus Terrestris Fruit Extract

Extract from the fruit of Tribulus terrestris (gokhru/caltrop), used in traditional Ayurvedic and East Asian medicine; appears in complex Korean hanbang formulas for its skin-conditioning saponins.

skin-conditioningantioxidant
Traditional Ayurvedic and East Asian herb; steroidal saponins provide skin-conditioning activityUsed in hanbang formulas as a multi-herb botanical complex ingredient
Other
Triethanolamine

An alkanolamine base used to adjust pH and form emulsions with fatty acids; subject to EU concentration limits due to potential nitrosamine formation.

ph-adjustersurfactant
Adjusts and neutralizes formula pHUsed to form stable emulsions with fatty acids
Can form nitrosamines if combined with nitrosating agents — regulated under EU Annex III with use limitsHigh concentrations may be irritating; safe at cosmetic use levels (EU max 2.5% in face products)
Other
Triethoxycaprylylsilane

A silane coupling agent used to coat inorganic pigments and mineral UV filters with a hydrophobic film, improving their dispersion, water resistance, and skin feel in sunscreen and color cosmetics.

bindercoating-agentadhesion-promoter
Coats mineral UV filter particles (TiO2, ZnO) to improve water resistance and aesthetics of sunscreensImproves dispersion and spreadability of pigmentsSCCS-assessed as safe for this use
Other
Triethoxysilylethyl Polydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
TRIETHOXYSILYLETHYLPOLYDIMETHYLSILOXYETHYL DIMETHICONE

A triethoxysilyl-functionalized dimethicone crosspolymer. Used as an adhesion promoter in sunscreens to help UV filters bond to the skin surface, improving water resistance. Found in Elixir Reflet SPF50+ sunscreen.

film-formeradhesion-promoter
Silicone adhesion promoter — helps sunscreen actives adhere to skinWater-resistant film
+ Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate+ Titanium Dioxide
Other
Triethoxysilylethylpolydimethylsiloxyethyl Dimethicone
TRIETHOXYSILYLETHYLPOLYDIMETHYLSILOXYETHYL DIMETHICONE

A silicone with triethoxysilane adhesion-promoter groups on a polydimethylsiloxane backbone. The silane groups react with skin and mineral filters (ZnO, TiO₂) to create a durable, water-resistant film. Used in high-performance SPF formulas such as Anessa Perfect UV.

adhesion promoterfilm-formerwaterproofing
Significantly improves waterproofness and longevity of sunscreen filmBonds silicone film and mineral UV filters to skin surface
+ Zinc Oxide+ Titanium Dioxide+ Dimethicone
Other
Triethyl Citrate

A triethyl ester of citric acid used as a solvent, plasticizer, and deodorant active that inhibits the bacterial enzymes responsible for malodor.

solventplasticizerdeodorant-active
Helps control body odor by inhibiting bacterial lipase enzymesActs as a solvent and plasticizer for film-forming agents
Other
Trilaureth-4 Phosphate
TRILAURETH-4 PHOSPHATE

A phosphate ester of ethoxylated lauryl alcohol. Used as a mild emulsifier and surfactant in skincare formulations.

emulsifiersurfactant
Mild emulsifierGood skin compatibility
+ Lecithin+ Glycerin
Other
Trimethylsiloxysilicate

A cross-linked silicone resin film-former that creates a durable, water-resistant, flexible film on skin, widely used in long-wear makeup and sunscreens.

film-formerwater-resistance-agent
Forms a flexible, water-resistant filmHolds pigments in place for long wearBreathable — does not block pores
Other
Tris(Tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) Citrate

Tris(Tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol) Citrate is a citrate salt of a hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) based on the tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol moiety. In retinol-containing cosmetics it functions as a radical chain-breaking stabilizer that protects retinol from photochemical and oxidative degradation, significantly extending product stability and efficacy. This is a formulation stability additive — it does not have direct skin benefit but preserves the activity of retinol.

antioxidantstabilizing
A hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS) based on the tetramethylhydroxypiperidinol (TEMPO-related) scaffold — used specifically to protect retinol from UV-induced and oxidative photodegradation in cosmetic formulationsHALS compounds interrupt radical chain reactions by scavenging peroxy and alkoxy radicals that initiate retinol degradation — without the HALS, retinol products lose potency rapidly under light exposureAs a citrate salt, it is compatible with aqueous formulation matrices; provides significantly improved retinol shelf-life stability compared to tocopherol-only antioxidant systems
+ Retinol+ Retinal+ Tocopherol
Other
Trisodium EDTA
TRISODIUM EDTA

A trisodium salt of EDTA used as a chelating agent (metal ion sequestrant) that improves formula stability, prevents degradation, and enhances preservative systems. Distinct from Disodium EDTA (one fewer sodium).

chelatingpreservative-enhancer
Chelates calcium and magnesium ions to stabilise formulasBoosts preservative efficacyPrevents rancidity
+ Disodium EDTA+ Phenoxyethanol
Other
Trisodium Ethylenediamine Disuccinate

A biodegradable chelating agent used as a greener alternative to disodium EDTA to bind trace metals and improve preservative performance in cosmetics.

chelator
Chelates heavy metal ions to improve formula stability and preservation efficacyBiodegradable and eco-friendlier alternative to EDTA
Other
Tromethamine

An organic amine used as a pH adjuster and buffering agent in cosmetic formulations.

ph-adjuster
Adjusts and stabilizes formula pH
Other
Tryptophan

An essential amino acid (L-tryptophan) included in cosmetic amino acid complexes that mimic the skin's natural moisturizing factor, providing conditioning and supporting protein synthesis.

Skin conditioningAmino acidAntioxidant
Amino acid precursor supporting skin protein synthesisMild antioxidant propertiesConditions skin
Other
VP/Hexadecene Copolymer

A copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and hexadecene used as a film-former and binder that improves water resistance and sensory texture in sunscreens.

film-formerbindertexture enhancer
Forms a lightweight film on skin to improve wear and textureProvides water resistance in sunscreen and makeup formulations
No significant known risks at cosmetic use levels
Other
VP/VA Copolymer
VP/VA COPOLYMER

A copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone (VP) and vinyl acetate (VA). Used as a film-forming agent in skincare and hair care products. Provides flexible, breathable films.

film-formerviscosity-increasing
Film-forming — improves product adhesion and wearStabilizes emulsions and suspensions
+ Glycerin+ Butylene Glycol
Other
Vanillyl Butyl Ether

A synthetic vanillyl ether that triggers TRPV1-mediated warmth signals, producing a gentle microcirculation-enhancing warming effect used in sculpting creams and warming body-care products.

warming-agentskin-conditioningfragrance
Produces a gentle, sustained warming sensation without capsaicin-like irritationEnhances microcirculationMilder and more even warmth than red pepper extract
Warming sensation may be uncomfortable for sensitive or reactive skin at higher concentrations
Other
Vinegar
Acetum

Fermented dilute acetic acid (INCI: Acetum) used in cosmetics as a pH-adjusting, astringent, and acidic conditioning agent, notably in products like Biologique Recherche Lotion P50.

ph-adjusterastringentantistatic
Adjusts and lowers formula pHAstringent properties may tighten poresReduces static electricity in hair care
Very low pH (~3); must be used diluted to avoid over-acidifying skin
Other
Vinyl Dimethicone

A linear dimethicone polymer with vinyl end groups used as a slip agent and texture modifier in cosmetics; also serves as a reactive component in silicone elastomer and gel systems.

slip agentemollientfilm-forming agenttexture modifier
Imparts a silky, smooth skin feelImproves spreadability and slip of cosmetic formulasActs as a reactive silicone in crosslinked gel networks
Bioaccumulation potential of silicones in aquatic environments; not biodegradable
Other
Vinyl Dimethicone/Methicone Silsesquioxane Crosspolymer

A crosslinked hybrid silicone powder (vinyl dimethicone crosslinked with methicone silsesquioxane) used as a soft-focus texture agent and oil absorber in sunscreens, primers, and CC creams.

film-formertexture-enhancersoft-focus
Creates a soft-focus blurring effect on skinImproves texture and spreadability of sunscreens and foundationsOil-absorbent; reduces shine
Other
Violet 2

A synthetic anthraquinone-based violet colorant (CI 60725) used to add a violet hue to nail polishes, makeup, and color cosmetics.

colorant
Imparts a violet-purple hue to cosmetic formulations
Other
Volcanic Ash

A fine mineral powder derived from volcanic eruptions, used in clay masks and cleansers for its oil-absorbing and pore-cleansing properties.

AbsorbentPore-cleansingMattifyingSkin-conditioning
Absorbs excess sebum and impuritiesHelps minimize the appearance of poresProvides a mattifying effect on oily skin
May be overly drying for dry or sensitive skin typesFrequent use can strip natural oils
Other
Vp/Eicosene Copolymer

A synthetic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and eicosene that forms a flexible, water-resistant film on skin and hair.

Film FormerViscosity ControllingBinding Agent
Improves water resistance in sunscreen and makeup formulationsProvides a smooth, silky skin feelEnhances rub resistance and long-lasting wear
Generally well tolerated; no significant safety concerns identified at use concentrations
Other
Xanthan Gum

A natural polysaccharide used to thicken and stabilize.

thickener
Gives products their texture
Other
Yellow 5
CI 19140

A synthetic azo dye (tartrazine) used as a yellow colorant in cosmetics and personal care products, approved under EU and US cosmetic regulations.

Colorant
Imparts a bright lemon-yellow color to cosmetic formulations
Can cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, particularly those with aspirin sensitivity; regulated with concentration limits in some jurisdictions