The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2178 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2178 ingredients — page 20 of 91

Fragrance
Citrus Aurantium (Bitter Orange) Peel Oil
CITRUS AURANTIUM AMARA PEEL OIL

Cold-pressed essential oil from the peel of Citrus aurantium amara (bitter orange). Used as a natural fragrance ingredient in prestige cosmetics. The peel oil has a brighter, more citrusy character than the flower-derived neroli.

fragranceantimicrobial
Cold-pressed essential oil from bitter orange peel with a fresh, citrusy-floral character distinct from neroli (flower) or petitgrain (leaves)
Phototoxic potential — avoid use in leave-on products on sun-exposed skinEU fragrance allergens present: limonene, linalool, geraniol
Fragrance
Citrus Aurantium Amara (Bitter Orange) Flower Oil
Citrus Aurantium Amara Flower Oil

The essential oil steam-distilled from bitter orange (Citrus aurantium amara) flowers, known as neroli, used primarily as a luxury natural fragrance in cosmetics.

fragrantskin-conditioning
Contributes a refined floral-citrus fragrance (neroli)Mild skin-conditioning properties
Fragrant essential oil that can sensitize reactive skinContains fragrance allergens including linalool and geraniol
Soothing
Citrus Aurantium Amara Flower Water

The aromatic hydrosol (flower water) produced during steam distillation of bitter orange blossoms, used as a toning, soothing water-phase ingredient with a light natural fragrance.

soothingtoning
Lightly tones and refreshes skinSoothing and calming propertiesMild natural fragrance
Naturally fragrant; may sensitize highly reactive skin in concentrated forms
Fragrance
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia Fruit Oil
Citrus Aurantium Bergamia (Bergamot) Fruit Oil

An essential oil cold-pressed from bergamot orange fruit rind, used as a natural fragrance ingredient with a distinctive citrus-floral-spicy scent.

fragrant
Contributes a fresh, citrus-floral fragrance characteristic of bergamot
Fragrant essential oil that can irritate or sensitize reactive skinContains bergapten (a furanocoumarin) — phototoxic unless bergapten-free (BF) grade is used
Antioxidant
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Fruit Extract
CITRUS AURANTIUM DULCIS FRUIT EXTRACT

A solvent extract from the fruit of the sweet orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) providing vitamin C and citrus flavonoids for antioxidant protection and skin brightening.

AntioxidantSkin-conditioning agentBrightening agent
Rich in vitamin C (ascorbic acid) for antioxidant protectionFlavonoids (hesperidin, narirutin) support brightening and anti-inflammatory effectsMild astringent and toning properties
May cause mild sensitivity in very sensitive skin at high concentrations
Fragrance
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis (Orange) Peel Oil
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Oil

Sweet orange peel essential oil, used primarily as a natural fragrance in cosmetics; contains limonene and may cause sensitization or phototoxicity in some users.

fragrantantioxidant
Fresh, uplifting citrus scentMild antioxidant properties
Contains limonene and other fragrance allergens that can sensitize skinPotential phototoxicity — some citrus peel oils increase UV sensitivity
Fragrance
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Flower Oil

The essential oil from sweet orange (Citrus aurantium dulcis) flowers, used as a natural fragrance ingredient distinct from sweet orange peel oil.

fragrantskin-conditioning
Contributes a fresh, sweet floral-citrus fragrance
Fragrant essential oil that may sensitize reactive skinContains fragrance allergens (limonene, linalool)
Emollient
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Wax
Citrus Aurantium Dulcis Peel Cera

A natural wax extracted from sweet orange peel, used as an emollient and texture agent in balms, cleansers, and lip products.

emollientthickener
Softens and conditions skinAdds structure and texture to balms and lip products
Preservative
Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Seed Extract
CITRUS GRANDIS SEED EXTRACT

Extract from grapefruit seeds; used as a natural preservative booster and antimicrobial agent in Korean and clean-beauty formulas.

preservativeantimicrobialantioxidant
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity helps extend product shelf lifeAntioxidant properties from polyphenols and flavonoids
Commercial preparations sometimes contain synthetic preservatives like benzethonium chloride; purity varies by supplierMay cause irritation in high concentrations
Fragrance
Citrus Grandis Peel Oil
Citrus Grandis (Grapefruit) Peel Oil

An essential oil cold-pressed from grapefruit peel, used primarily as a natural fragrance ingredient with a fresh, tart citrus scent.

fragrantantioxidant
Contributes a fresh, citrus grapefruit fragranceMild antioxidant properties from flavonoids
Fragrant essential oil that can irritate or sensitize reactive skinContains limonene, a regulated EU fragrance allergen
Antioxidant
Citrus Junos Fruit Extract
CITRUS JUNOS FRUIT EXTRACT

Aqueous or glycolic extract from the yuzu fruit (Citrus junos), a Japanese citrus valued in skincare for its high vitamin C precursor content, flavonoids, and aromatic compounds. Antioxidant and mild brightening action.

antioxidantskin-brighteningskin-conditioning
Antioxidant protection from UV-induced free radicalsBrightening support from natural vitamin C and flavonoidsPleasant aromatic note
Phototoxicity potential if the extract retains furanocoumarins (typically low in aqueous extracts)
+ 2-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid+ Niacinamide
Fragrance
Citrus Junos Peel Oil

Cold-pressed essential oil from the peel of Citrus junos (yuzu), a citrus fruit widely cultivated in East Asia. Composed primarily of d-limonene (63–92%) and γ-terpinene; furanocoumarins (bergapten) are below detection limit (<0.1 ppm) in commercial cold-pressed yuzu peel oil — well under the 15 ppm cosmetic safety threshold — so phototoxicity is not a concern. Primary allergen risk is limonene, which is an EU-regulated fragrance allergen under Regulation 2023/1545 and must be declared on leave-on products above 0.001%. Vitamin C and brightening benefits associated with yuzu belong to aqueous yuzu fruit extract forms, not this essential oil.

fragranceantioxidantastringentskin-conditioning
Provides the characteristic fresh, tart green-citrus yuzu fragrance noteLimonene-rich composition contributes mild antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activityAstringent properties from the monoterpene fraction
Limonene (63–92% of the oil) is an EU-mandated fragrance allergen (Regulation 2023/1545); must be declared on leave-on product labels above 0.001%Oxidized limonene is a stronger sensitizer than fresh; finished products should have peroxide value <20 mmol/L
Antioxidant
Citrus Junos Seed Extract
CITRUS JUNOS SEED EXTRACT

Extract from the seeds of Citrus junos (yuzu), a fragrant Japanese citrus fruit. Rich in polyphenols and flavonoids with antioxidant and brightening properties. Used in Shiseido's Revitalessence primer for antioxidant benefits.

antioxidantskin-conditioningbrightening
Antioxidant protection from yuzu-derived polyphenolsSkin brighteningBrightens dull skin tone
+ Niacinamide+ Vitamin C
Soothing
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Fruit Water

The aqueous distillate (hydrosol) obtained from lemon fruit during steam or water distillation, distinct from lemon extract or lemon essential oil. It retains water-soluble aromatic constituents at low concentrations. Used as a toning, conditioning aqueous phase ingredient in toners, essences, and mists.

botanical waterskin-conditioning agenttoner
Lemon hydrosol carries water-soluble aromatic and phenolic compoundsProvides a light refreshing effect and mild astringencyLower irritation risk than lemon juice or lemon essential oil
May contain trace amounts of citral and limonene — potential sensitizers in high concentrationsCaution for very sensitive or compromised skin due to natural volatile components
Exfoliant
Citrus Limon (Lemon) Juice
CITRUS LIMON JUICE

Fresh juice from lemon (Citrus limon). Contains citric acid for mild exfoliation and pH adjustment, along with vitamin C and flavonoids. Used in Tunemakers' peeling lotion.

exfoliantantioxidantpH-adjuster
Natural AHA (citric acid) source — mild exfoliationRich in vitamin CBrightening
Citrus juices are phototoxic — photosensitivity risk when applied before sun exposure
+ Citric Acid+ Lactic Acid
Fragrance
Citrus Limon Peel Oil
CITRUS LIMON (LEMON) PEEL OIL

Cold-pressed or steam-distilled essential oil from lemon (Citrus limon) peel, composed primarily of limonene (up to ~96%) with citral and furocoumarins; used for fragrance but carries phototoxicity and fragrance sensitization risks requiring careful formulation controls.

fragranceskin-conditioningantimicrobial
Provides bright citrus fragrance to formulationsContains limonene and citral with antioxidant propertiesMinor brightening effect attributed to citral content at low use levels
Contains furocoumarins (bergapten, oxypeucedanin) — significant phototoxicity risk; can cause burns, blistering, and permanent hyperpigmentation on sun-exposed skinLimonene (38–96% of oil) is a declared EU fragrance allergen; forms sensitizing hydroperoxides on oxidation — mandatory label disclosure above 0.001% in leave-on products (EU Reg. 2023/1545)
Antioxidant
Citrus Limonum (Lemon) Fruit Extract
CITRUS LIMONUM FRUIT EXTRACT

Aqueous extract from lemon (Citrus limonum) fruit. Contains ascorbic acid, hesperidin, and citrus flavonoids. Provides antioxidant and brightening activity in cosmetics.

antioxidantastringentbrightening
Rich in vitamin C and flavonoids with antioxidant activityMild brightening and astringent effect
Contains limonene — phototoxic at high concentrations; typically safe at formulation levelsCitrus sensitivity possible
+ Ascorbyl Glucoside+ Ascorbic Acid
Fragrance
Citrus Medica Limonum (Lemon) Fruit Oil
CITRUS MEDICA LIMONUM FRUIT OIL

Cold-pressed essential oil from Citrus medica limonum (lemon) fruit — an older INCI designation corresponding to the current Citrus Limon; the same oil is also sold as 'lemon peel oil'. Predominantly d-limonene (~70%) with beta-pinene, gamma-terpinene, and trace citral. Unlike yuzu peel oil, cold-pressed lemon oil retains furanocoumarins (bergapten) at phototoxically relevant concentrations, making it a photosensitizer in leave-on formulas. Primarily used as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

fragranceantioxidantastringent
Fresh, bright citrus fragrance note widely used in aromatherapy and cosmetic formulationLimonene-rich composition provides mild antioxidant activity alongside the primary fragrance roleTraditional aromatherapy use for its uplifting, clarifying scent profile
Phototoxic: cold-pressed lemon oil contains furanocoumarins (bergapten) — can cause pigmentation or burns when applied before UV exposureLimonene (>70% of the oil) is an EU-mandated fragrance allergen (Regulation 2023/1545); must be declared on leave-on product labels above 0.001%
+ Rosmarinus Officinalis (Rosemary) Leaf Oil
Antioxidant
Citrus Nobilis (Mandarin Orange) Peel Extract
CITRUS NOBILIS PEEL EXTRACT

Extract from the peel of Citrus nobilis (Mandarin orange). Contains polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), hesperidin, and limonene. Used for antioxidant protection and mild brightening. Distinct from Citrus Reticulata and Citrus Sinensis in its flavone profile.

antioxidantskin-brighteningskin-conditioning
Rich in flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavones with antioxidant activityMay support a more even skin toneRefreshing citrus scent note
Peel extracts may cause mild photosensitivity; use SPF when applying
+ Niacinamide+ Tocopherol
Fragrance
Citrus Nobilis Peel Oil

The essential oil expressed or distilled from mandarin orange (Citrus nobilis) peel, used as a natural fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.

fragrantantioxidant
Contributes a sweet, warm mandarin-citrus fragranceMild antioxidant from natural terpenes
Contains limonene and other citrus fragrance allergensPotential phototoxicity — cold-pressed forms may increase UV sensitivity
Antioxidant
Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Extract
CITRUS PARADISI FRUIT EXTRACT

Extract from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Rich in flavonoids (naringenin) and antioxidants. Used in Tunemakers' peeling lotion for its brightening and antioxidant properties.

antioxidantskin-brightening
Antioxidant-rich — contains naringenin, hesperidinMild brighteningRefreshing
Grapefruit peel/extract can be mildly phototoxic; standardized extracts are generally safe
+ Niacinamide+ Vitamin C
Antioxidant
Citrus Paradisi (Grapefruit) Fruit Extract
Citrus Paradisi Fruit Extract

An extract from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) fruit rich in flavonoids and vitamin C that provides antioxidant and mild brightening benefits.

antioxidantbrightening
Antioxidant protection from flavonoids and vitamin CSupports a brighter, refreshed complexion
Citrus-derived — may cause sensitivity in reactive or citrus-allergic individuals
Fragrance
Citrus Paradisi Peel Oil

A cold-pressed essential oil from grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel, used mainly as a fragrance ingredient; contains furanocoumarins that confer phototoxicity risk in leave-on products exposed to UV, though FCF (furanocoumarin-free) versions are available for safer daytime use.

fragrantantimicrobialantioxidant
Adds a fresh, bright citrus fragrance note to cosmetic formulationsContains limonene and other terpenes with mild antimicrobial propertiesMinor antioxidant activity from flavonoid constituents
Cold-pressed peel oil contains furanocoumarins (furocoumarins) that are photosensitizers — can cause phototoxic dermatitis when skin is exposed to UV after applicationSubject to concentration limits in leave-on products applied to sun-exposed skin under IFRA and EU cosmetic regulations
Antioxidant
Citrus Peel Extract
CITRUS PEEL EXTRACT

A general term for extract derived from citrus fruit peel (orange, lemon, grapefruit, lime, etc.). Contains flavonoids, vitamin C precursors, and antioxidants. Standardized peel extracts typically have phototoxic compounds removed.

antioxidantskin-brightening
Rich in flavonoids and antioxidantsMild skin-brightening effect
Citrus peel oils/extracts can be photosensitizing — check for volatile components
+ Niacinamide+ Vitamin C