The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2255 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2255 ingredients — page 31 of 94

Preservative
Ethylparaben

A short-chain paraben preservative fully permitted in the EU and US at up to 0.4%; among the most thoroughly tested preservatives in cosmetics.

preservative
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservation at low concentrations
Weak estrogenic activity; EU SCCS and CIR consider safe at permitted levels (≤0.4% as acid)Rare skin sensitization possible
Fragrance
Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Oil

An essential oil steam-distilled from eucalyptus leaves, used in cosmetics for its fresh fragrance and mild antimicrobial properties.

fragrantantimicrobial
Contributes a fresh, camphor-like fragranceMild antimicrobial properties
Fragrant essential oil that can irritate or sensitize skin, particularly in high concentrationsMay contain naturally occurring allergens (linalool, geraniol); sensitization risk for reactive skin
Fragrance
Eucalyptus Globulus Oil

Essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus (blue gum eucalyptus) leaves, rich in 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol). Provides a distinctive fresh-camphoraceous scent with mild antimicrobial and clearing properties. Used in Liz Earle Cleanse & Polish's botanical blend.

fragranceantimicrobialsoothing
Steam-distilled essential oil from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, providing a fresh, camphoraceous, medicinal scentContains cineole (eucalyptol) with antimicrobial and mild anti-inflammatory properties; used in Liz Earle Cleanse & Polish
Sensitizing potential; not recommended undiluted or for use on infants and young childrenStrong aromatic; may irritate sensitive skin
Soothing
Eucalyptus Leaf Extract
Eucalyptus Globulus Leaf Extract

An extract of eucalyptus leaves used for its soothing, antioxidant, and mild antimicrobial properties; contains flavonoids and polyphenols from the leaf rather than the volatile essential oil.

soothingantioxidant
Calms and soothes skinAntioxidant support
May sensitize reactive or fragrance-sensitive skin due to naturally occurring volatile compounds
Other
Eucheuma Serra/Grateloupia Sparsa/Saccharina Angustata/Ulva Linza/Undaria Pinnatifida Extract
EUCHEUMA SERRA/GRATELOUPIA SPARSA/SACCHARINA ANGUSTATA/ULVA LINZA/UNDARIA PINNATIFIDA EXTRACT

A proprietary blend of extracts from five marine algae: Eucheuma serra (red algae), Grateloupia sparsa (red algae), Saccharina angustata (brown kelp), Ulva linza (sea lettuce, green algae), and Undaria pinnatifida (wakame). Used in Clé de Peau Beauté The Serum for multi-dimensional hydration and skin conditioning.

humectantsoothingfilm-forming
Polysaccharides from five seaweed species for broad hydration and barrier supportSoothing marine ingredientsBioactive sea minerals and sulfated polysaccharides
+ Saccharina Angustata/Undaria Pinnatifida Extract+ Hyaluronic Acid+ Jania Rubens Extract
Antioxidant
Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Extract
EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS BUD EXTRACT

Extract from dried clove flower buds (Syzygium aromaticum); one of the most antioxidant-rich botanical extracts in cosmetics, used in hanbang formulas for its bioactive eugenol and phenolic acids.

antioxidantantimicrobialsoothing
Exceptionally rich in eugenol and gallic acid with potent antioxidant activityBroad-spectrum antimicrobial propertiesTraditional East Asian medicine ingredient
Eugenol is a known fragrance allergen and can cause contact sensitizationAvoid near eyes or on broken skin
Fragrance
Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Bud Oil
Eugenia Caryophyllus Bud Oil

An essential oil steam-distilled from the flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllus (clove), used in cosmetics for its spicy fragrance; contains very high levels of eugenol, a regulated fragrance allergen.

fragranceantimicrobialskin-conditioning
Strong spicy-aromatic fragranceMild antimicrobial properties
Contains high levels of eugenol, a potent fragrance allergen (IFRA-regulated)High eugenol content makes it significantly irritating and sensitizing on skin; not recommended for sensitive skin
Antioxidant
Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Flower Extract
Eugenia Caryophyllus Flower Extract

An extract of clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) flowers used in cosmetics for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties; distinct from the distilled essential oil, with a lower volatile eugenol content.

antioxidantskin-conditioningantimicrobial
Provides antioxidant protection via polyphenols and eugenol derivativesMild antimicrobial properties
Contains eugenol-related compounds; may sensitize fragrance-reactive skin
Fragrance
Eugenia Caryophyllus (Clove) Leaf Oil
EUGENIA CARYOPHYLLUS LEAF OIL

Essential oil distilled from clove leaves (Eugenia caryophyllus / Syzygium aromaticum). Contains 70–90% eugenol, a potent fragrance compound and sensitizer. Used in trace amounts for fragrance and antimicrobial contribution; ranked as a known fragrance allergen by the EU.

fragranceantimicrobial
Mild antimicrobial activity from high eugenol content
High eugenol content — significant sensitizer; may cause contact dermatitisAvoid on sensitive, broken, or reactive skin
Fragrance
Eugenol

A naturally occurring phenylpropanoid found in essential oils (notably clove and cinnamon), used as a fragrance ingredient; one of the original 26 EU-regulated fragrance allergens requiring label disclosure.

fragrant
Contributes a warm, spicy, clove-like fragrance note
One of the original 26 EU-regulated fragrance allergens (Annex III, EU Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009); must be declared above 0.001% in leave-on and 0.01% in rinse-off productsSensitization risk, particularly for fragrance-allergic individuals
Emollient
Euphorbia Cerifera (Candelilla) Wax

A hard plant wax derived from the candelilla shrub (Euphorbia cerifera), used as an emollient, thickener, and structurant in lip products, balms, and solid formulas; a common vegan beeswax alternative.

emollientthickenerfilm-former
Vegan alternative to beeswaxAdds structure and body to balms and lip productsCreates a smooth, protective film on skin
Antioxidant
Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract

An extract from the fruit of Euterpe oleracea (acai palm), rich in anthocyanins, flavonoids, and fatty acids that provide strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

antioxidantskin-conditioninganti-inflammatory
Rich in anthocyanins and polyphenols for potent antioxidant protectionHelps protect against free radical and oxidative damageAnti-inflammatory properties soothe skin
Fragrance
Evernia Furfuracea (Treemoss) Extract
EVERNIA FURFURACEA EXTRACT

An extract from Evernia furfuracea lichen providing a classic earthy-mossy fragrance. Subject to EU Cosmetics Regulation restrictions as a known contact sensitizer. Appearing in Biologique Recherche Lotion P50's complex botanical formula.

fragrance
Earthy, mossy, woody fragrance note derived from treemoss lichen; used in classic chypre and fougère perfume compositions
EU Annex III restricted fragrance allergen — listed as a sensitizer with strict usage limits in leave-on productsCan cause allergic contact dermatitis; not recommended for sensitive skin
Fragrance
Evernia Prunastri (Oakmoss) Extract
EVERNIA PRUNASTRI EXTRACT

Extract from Evernia prunastri (oakmoss) lichen. A powerful fragrance ingredient responsible for the 'chypre' character in classic perfumes. Subject to strict EU regulatory limits due to high sensitization potential. Present in Biologique Recherche Lotion P50.

fragrance
Classic oakmoss fragrance note — earthy, mossy, woody; a key ingredient in chypre fragrances and traditional European perfumery
EU Annex III restricted fragrance allergen with maximum usage limits; oakmoss is among the most potent skin sensitizers in fragranceNot recommended for sensitive or reactive skin
Other
Ext. Violet 2

D&C Violet No. 2 (CI 60730), a synthetic anthraquinone dye used as a cosmetic colorant to provide purple/violet hues. Permitted for external use only in the US; no significant safety concerns at cosmetic concentrations.

colorant
Synthetic anthraquinone dye providing violet/purple coloration; used in Darphin Intral's characteristic blue-violet serum color
Synthetic dye; not approved for eye area use in some regions
Soothing
Fagus Sylvatica Bud Extract
FAGUS SYLVATICA BUD EXTRACT

An extract from the buds of Fagus sylvatica (European beech tree). Rich in polyphenols and tannins; marketed for activating skin stem cells and providing antioxidant, skin-conditioning benefits in prestige skincare.

soothingskin-conditioninganti-aging
Rich in polyphenols and tannins with antioxidant actionActivates skin stem cell function in marketing claimsConditioning and protective in luxury formulas
+ Panax Ginseng Root Extract+ Iris Florentina Root Extract
Fragrance
Farnesol

A naturally occurring sesquiterpene alcohol found in many essential oils, used as a fragrance ingredient and listed as one of the 26 EU-regulated fragrance allergens.

fragrant
Contributes a soft, floral-lily scent
One of the 26 EU-regulated fragrance allergens; must be labeled above 0.001% in leave-on and 0.01% in rinse-off productsIncluded in expanded allergen list under EU Regulation (EU) 2023/1545
Barrier support
Fatty Acids

A collective term for free fatty acids found in the skin's stratum corneum lipid matrix. Together with ceramides and cholesterol they form the lamellar bilayer that controls skin barrier function and water retention.

barrier-supportemollient
One of the three key lipids in the skin barrier (with ceramides and cholesterol)Reduce transepidermal water lossReinforce lipid bilayer structure
+ Ceramide NP+ Cholesterol+ Ceramide
Fragrance
Ferula Galbaniflua Resin Oil

An essential oil distilled from the resin of Ferula galbaniflua (galbanum), registered in EU CosIng (Ref 76304), used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient with a characteristic green, balsamic character; its monoterpene content (notably pinenes) poses sensitization risk, especially on compromised skin.

FragranceAntimicrobialTonic
Contributes a distinctive green, balsamic, woody fragrance noteMild antimicrobial activity
Contains monoterpenes (alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, delta-3-carene) that can be sensitizing, particularly on abraded or damaged skinPotential contact sensitizer; use at low concentrations in formulations
Antioxidant
Ferulic Acid

A plant antioxidant that stabilizes and boosts vitamins C and E.

AntioxidantStabilizes vitamin CBoosts UV protection
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Tocopherol
Humectant
Fig Extract
Ficus Carica (Fig) Fruit Extract

An extract from the fruit of the common fig (Ficus carica) used for its humectant and antioxidant properties, contributing to skin softness and hydration.

humectantantioxidant
Attracts and retains moistureProvides antioxidant support via polyphenols
Fragrance
Flavor

Regulatory catch-all for fragrance or flavour compounds, equivalent to 'Parfum'. Used to mask unpleasant odours or add scent; the specific substances are not individually disclosed.

fragrancemasking
Umbrella term masking individual fragrance compounds — potential sensitiser for fragrance-reactive skinContact dermatitis risk if fragrance allergy is present
Soothing
Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel) Extract
FOENICULUM VULGARE FRUIT EXTRACT

Extract from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), rich in anethole, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Used for its soothing, antioxidant, and skin-conditioning properties.

soothingantioxidantskin-conditioning
Soothing and anti-inflammatoryAntioxidant-richMild skin conditioning
Fennel essential oil is phototoxic, but standardized extract is generally safe
+ Allantoin+ Bisabolol
Active
Folic Acid

Vitamin B9 (pteroylglutamic acid) used in cosmetics as an antioxidant and skin-conditioning agent that supports cellular renewal.

antioxidantskin-conditioningcell-communicating
Antioxidant that neutralises free radicalsSupports cellular turnover and DNA repair processesSkin-conditioning at low concentrations