The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2402 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2402 ingredients — page 94 of 101

Antioxidant
Thermus Thermophilus Ferment

A ferment of a heat-loving microorganism, used to help skin resist environmental stress.

antioxidantsoothing
Antioxidant protectionSoothing
Active
Thiamine

Vitamin B1 (thiamine), an essential coenzyme for carbohydrate metabolism; included in cosmetic amino acid and vitamin complex formulas for its skin-conditioning and metabolic support properties.

Skin conditioningVitamin
Supports cellular energy metabolism in skinSkin conditioning
Other
Thiamine Diphosphate

The biologically active diphosphate form of thiamine (vitamin B1). Acts as a coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase and other enzymes central to glucose metabolism. Included in Filorga Time-Filler 5-XP's NCEF complex.

skin-conditioning
The active coenzyme form of thiamine (vitamin B1); functions as an enzymatic cofactor in cellular energy metabolismIncluded in Filorga's NCEF complex as part of the vitamin B panel
Active
Thiamine HCl

The hydrochloride salt form of thiamine (vitamin B1), used in cosmetics as a skin-conditioning and antioxidant active; chemically distinct from the free-base Thiamine INCI and provides improved stability and solubility.

Skin-conditioning agentAntioxidant
Vitamin B1 supports cellular energy metabolism and may improve skin barrier functionAntioxidant activitySkin-conditioning from B-vitamin activity
Antioxidant
Thioctic Acid

Alpha-lipoic acid, a fast-acting antioxidant that is both water- and fat-soluble, letting it work throughout the skin to neutralize free radicals.

antioxidant
Potent antioxidantHelps smooth textureSupports radiance
+ Tocopherol+ Ascorbic Acid+ Niacinamide
Humectant
Threonine

An essential amino acid used as a humectant that contributes to the skin's natural moisturizing factor.

humectantamino-acid
Attracts and retains moistureSupports the skin's natural moisturizing factor (NMF)
Soothing
Thuja Orientalis Leaf Extract

Extract from the leaves of Thuja orientalis (syn. Platycladus orientalis), the Chinese or Oriental arborvitae. Contains flavonoids (quercetin, hinokiflavone, amentoflavone), terpenoids, and tannins. Used in Korean acne and trouble-targeting formulas for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The leaf extract at cosmetic concentrations is considered safe — distinct from the essential oil, which contains neurotoxic thujone.

antimicrobialanti-inflammatoryastringent
Quercetin and flavone glycosides provide anti-inflammatory activity relevant to acne-prone skinAntimicrobial properties (from terpenoids and flavonoids) help address acne-causing bacteriaTraditional East Asian herbal medicine use for troubled, oily skin types
+ Centella Asiatica Extract+ Niacinamide+ Zinc PCA
Preservative
Thujopsis Dolabrata Branch Extract
THUJOPSIS DOLABRATA BRANCH EXTRACT

Extract from Thujopsis dolabrata (hiba arborvitae), a Japanese conifer related to hinoki cypress. Contains hinokitiol (beta-thujaplicin) and other terpenes with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and soothing properties. Used in Kanebo's sensitive toner.

preservativeantioxidantsoothing
Antimicrobial — natural preservativeAntioxidantTraditional Japanese botanical
+ Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate+ Allantoin
Soothing
Thymus Serpillum Extract

An extract from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) containing thymol, flavonoids, and tannins that provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and mild antimicrobial benefits.

soothingantioxidantantimicrobialskin-conditioning
Anti-inflammatory: reduces redness and irritationAntioxidant polyphenols and flavonoids protect from oxidative damageMild antimicrobial action supports acne-prone and sensitive skin
Soothing
Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Extract
THYMUS VULGARIS EXTRACT

An aqueous or hydroglycolic extract of common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) herb, distinct from thyme essential oil. Used for antioxidant, soothing, and mild antimicrobial properties. Less irritating than the essential oil.

soothingantioxidantantimicrobial
Antioxidant from rosmarinic acid and phenolic compoundsMild antimicrobial supportSoothing for irritated skin
Thymol content may cause mild sensitisation in high concentrations; patch test for sensitive skin
+ Salvia Officinalis (Sage) Leaf Extract+ Dipotassium Glycyrrhizate
Antioxidant
Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Flower/Leaf Extract
THYMUS VULGARIS FLOWER/LEAF EXTRACT

Extract from the combined flowers and leaves of Thymus vulgaris (common thyme); distinct INCI from the leaf-only extract, providing a richer bioactive profile from both plant organs.

antioxidantantimicrobialsoothing
Combined flower and leaf extract yields a broader polyphenol profile than leaf-onlyThymol and rosmarinic acid provide antimicrobial and antioxidant activity
Thymol content may cause sensitivity in high concentrations on reactive skin
Fragrance
Thymus Vulgaris (Thyme) Flower/Leaf Oil
Thymus Vulgaris Flower/Leaf Oil

The essential oil distilled from the flowers and leaves of common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) containing thymol and carvacrol, used for fragrance and antimicrobial effects.

fragranceantimicrobialskin-conditioning
Provides a herbal, aromatic fragrance noteThymol content gives significant antimicrobial activity
Known skin sensitizer and potential irritant due to thymol and carvacrol contentNot recommended for sensitive or reactive skin types
Soothing
Tilia Cordata Flower Extract
TILIA CORDATA FLOWER EXTRACT

Extract from the flowers of Tilia cordata (small-leafed linden/lime tree). Contains flavonoids (tiliroside, quercetin), mucilage, and volatile compounds with soothing, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Used in Ishizawa's urea lotion.

soothingantioxidantskin-conditioning
Soothing and anti-inflammatoryRich in flavonoidsTraditional European botanical for sensitive skin
+ Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria) Flower Extract+ Allantoin
Other
Tin Oxide

An inorganic mineral pigment and opacifier derived from tin that provides subtle mattifying and light-diffusing effects in cosmetic formulations.

opacifierbulking-agentabrasive
Creates a soft-focus, pore-blurring effectLightly absorbs sebum without drying skinNon-comedogenic and well tolerated
UV filter
Titanium Dioxide

A mineral UV filter effective against UVB and short UVA.

mineral-filter
UV protectionGentle on sensitive skin
Antioxidant
Tocopherol

Vitamin E; a lipid-soluble antioxidant that also conditions skin.

ANTIOXIDANTMASKINGSKIN CONDITIONING
Antioxidant protectionStabilizes oilsConditions skin
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Ferulic Acid
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Acetate

The stable ester form of vitamin E that converts to active tocopherol in skin; a common, shelf-stable antioxidant.

antioxidant
Antioxidant protectionConditions skinMore stable than free tocopherol
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Ferulic Acid
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Glucoside

A water-soluble glycoside derivative of vitamin E (tocopherol) used as an antioxidant in water-based formulas.

antioxidantskin-conditioning
Water-soluble form of vitamin E antioxidantMore stable and less greasy than oil-soluble tocopherol forms
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Linoleate

Tocopheryl Linoleate is an ester formed from tocopherol (vitamin E) and linoleic acid (omega-6, C18:2). It combines the antioxidant functionality of vitamin E with the barrier-repair properties of linoleic acid in a more stable form than either free ingredient. Upon skin application, skin esterases hydrolyze the ester bond to release free tocopherol and linoleic acid. Used in premium creams and serums as an antioxidant emollient with a favorable essential fatty acid profile.

antioxidantemollientskin-conditioning
Ester of tocopherol (vitamin E) and linoleic acid that delivers dual antioxidant protection (vitamin E activity) and barrier-supporting essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) in a single moleculeMore stable than free tocopherol and free linoleic acid individually — the ester bond protects both active moieties from oxidation during storage and delivers them to skin where esterases hydrolyze the bondLinoleic acid (omega-6 essential fatty acid) contributes to ceramide synthesis and barrier repair after hydrolysis, complementing tocopherol's antioxidant activity
+ Tocopherol+ Squalane+ Ceramide NP
Antioxidant
Tocopheryl Phosphate
TOCOPHERYL PHOSPHATE

The phosphate ester of tocopherol (vitamin E). Water-soluble, making it suitable for water-based formulations. Converts to free tocopherol in the skin, providing antioxidant protection.

antioxidantskin-conditioning
Water-soluble vitamin E formAntioxidant protectionSkin conditioning
+ Tocopherol+ Niacinamide+ Vitamin C
Antioxidant
Tocotrienol
TOCOTRIENOLS

A form of vitamin E (tocotrienol forms: alpha, beta, gamma, delta) with unsaturated side chains. More potent free radical scavenging than tocopherols. Rice bran is one of the richest natural sources. Used in Bijin Nuka's rice-based moisturizer.

antioxidantskin-conditioning
More potent antioxidant than tocopherol (vitamin E alpha)Neuroprotective and cardioprotective propertiesRich in rice bran
+ Tocopherol+ Ferulic Acid
Antioxidant
Tocotrienols
TOCOTRIENOLS

The tocotrienol forms of vitamin E (alpha, beta, gamma, delta-tocotrienol) that are structurally similar to tocopherols but with an unsaturated phytyl tail. Found in rice bran, palm oil, and annatto. More potent free-radical scavengers than tocopherols.

antioxidantskin-conditioninganti-aging
More potent antioxidant than tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) at lower concentrationsProtects against UV-induced oxidative stressSupports skin barrier lipid protection
+ Tocopherol+ Ascorbyl Tetraisopalmitate+ Squalane
Soothing
Trachelospermum Jasminoides Extract

Extract from the flowers and leaves of Trachelospermum jasminoides (star jasmine). Contains flavonoids and phenolic acids contributing mild antioxidant and soothing activity. Used in Charlotte Tilbury's Magic Cream.

soothingantioxidantskin-conditioning
Extract from star jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) with skin-calming polyphenols and flavonoids
Active
Tranexamic Acid

A brightening active particularly effective on stubborn pigmentation.

brightening
Fades melasma and dark spotsEvens tone
+ Niacinamide+ Arbutin