The library

Ingredient library

Every ingredient SkinAtlas knows about — all 2402 of them. What each one does, what it works well with, and what to watch for.

All 2402 ingredients — page 93 of 101

Solvent / vehicle
T-Butyl Alcohol

A tertiary alcohol (2-methyl-2-propanol) used as a volatile solvent and solubilizer, particularly in sunscreen formulas to dissolve UV filters.

solventsolubilizerviscosity decreasing
Helps dissolve UV filters and other actives in sunscreen formulationsReduces viscosity to improve spreadability
Volatile; may cause mild irritation at high concentrationsDrying to skin if used at high levels
Other
Talc
TALC

A naturally occurring magnesium silicate mineral milled to a fine powder. Widely used in foundations, SPF products, and pressed powders for oil absorption, opacity, and improved texture.

absorbentopacifierslip agentbulking agent
Absorbs excess sebumImproves slip and spreadabilityAdds opacity and soft-focus effect
Historical concerns about asbestos contamination in impure talc; cosmetic-grade talc is purified and tested. Avoid inhalation of loose powder.
+ Dimethicone+ Silica
Humectant
Tamarindus Indica Seed Gum

A plant-derived polysaccharide gum from tamarind seeds that hydrates and smooths the skin.

humectantsoothingfilm-forming
Long-lasting hydrationSoothes skinForms a smoothing film
Antioxidant
Tannic Acid

A plant-derived polyphenol (from oak bark, chestnut, and other sources) with astringent, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties used in pore-refining and soothing formulations.

astringentantioxidantantimicrobialskin-conditioning
Tightens skin and reduces appearance of pores via astringent actionProtects skin from oxidative stress as a polyphenol antioxidantAnti-inflammatory: calms redness and irritation
May cause dryness or irritation at high concentrationsCan be sensitizing for very sensitive skin types
Exfoliant
Tartaric Acid

A naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) found in grapes and wine, used in cosmetics for its mild exfoliating, pH-buffering, and antioxidant properties; gentler than glycolic acid due to its larger molecular size and slower skin penetration.

exfoliantpH adjusterchelating agentantioxidant
AHA exfoliant derived primarily from grapes and wine; loosens dead skin cells to improve texture and toneLarger molecular size than glycolic or malic acid results in slower, more superficial penetration — gentler exfoliation profileContributes to pH stabilization in formulations, enhancing the effectiveness of other AHAs
At high concentrations may cause irritation, stinging, or adverse reactions like other AHAsIncreases photosensitivity; daily SPF use recommended when using exfoliant-containing products
Humectant
Taurine

A sulfonic amino acid that functions as a humectant and osmoprotectant, helping skin cells maintain hydration balance under osmotic stress.

humectantamino-acidosmoprotectant
Attracts and retains moistureSupports skin cell hydration as a natural osmolyteMild antioxidant support
UV filter
Terephthalylidene Dicamphor Sulfonic Acid

A water-soluble, photostable organic UVA filter (Ecamsule/Mexoryl SX) approved in the EU at up to 10% that absorbs UV radiation predominantly in the UVA range.

uva-filterphotostabilizer
Provides broad UVA protection (290–400 nm, peak at 345 nm)Highly photostable; does not degrade on sunlight exposureWater-soluble, suitable for lightweight fluid sunscreen formulations
Approved up to 10% in the EU; not FDA-approved for OTC sunscreens in the US as a standalone filterVery low systemic absorption; minimal safety concerns reported in studies
Antioxidant
Terminalia Ferdinandiana Fruit Extract

Terminalia Ferdinandiana Fruit Extract is derived from Kakadu plum, an Australian native fruit (Terminalia ferdinandiana). It holds the record for the highest natural vitamin C concentration of any fruit globally (up to 5300 mg/100g), far exceeding rosehip, acerola, and other 'vitamin C fruits'. The extract also provides ellagic acid, punicalagin, gallic acid, and other polyphenolic antioxidants. Used in premium vitamin C and brightening formulas alongside synthetic ascorbic acid derivatives.

antioxidantskin-brighteningskin-conditioning
Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) holds the Guinness record as the world's highest natural source of vitamin C — up to 5300 mg/100g fresh fruit (approximately 100× more than oranges)Beyond ascorbic acid, Kakadu plum contains ellagic acid, punicalagin, gallic acid, and other potent polyphenolic antioxidants that provide broad-spectrum radical scavenging activityHigh natural vitamin C content provides tyrosinase-inhibiting and collagen-stimulating activity in addition to antioxidant protection
+ Ascorbic Acid+ Niacinamide+ Myrciaria Dubia (Camu Camu) Fruit Extract
Fragrance
Terpineol

A naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol (alpha-terpineol) with a pleasant floral-lilac scent found in over 150 essential oils. Used as a fragrance component and mild antimicrobial in cosmetics.

fragranceantimicrobial
Floral-lilac scented monoterpene alcohol found naturally in many essential oils including tea tree, cajuput, and pineMild antimicrobial activity at higher concentrations
Potential fragrance allergen at higher concentrations; patch test recommended for sensitive skin
Emollient
Tetradecene
TETRADECENE

A synthetic C14 alpha-olefin hydrocarbon used as a lightweight emollient and spreading agent in sunscreens and color cosmetics.

emollientskin-conditioning
Very lightweight, fast-absorbing emollientNon-greasy skin feel
+ Dimethicone+ Silica
Active
Tetradecyl Aminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate

Lipotec-developed neuropeptide (trade name Leuphasyl) that modulates neurotransmitter release at the neuromuscular junction, reducing muscle micro-contractions that deepen expression wrinkles. Structurally related to enkephalin, a natural pain-modulating peptide.

anti-wrinkleneuropeptideskin-conditioning
Inhibits neuromuscular signal transmission at the dermal-epidermal junction to soften expression linesSynergistic with Acetyl Hexapeptide-3 (Argireline) for enhanced wrinkle-relaxing effectNon-invasive alternative to botulinum toxin for fine lines
Trifluoroacetate salt may be irritating in rare cases; concentration-dependent
+ Argireline+ Palmitoyl Tripeptide-1+ Niacinamide
Active
Tetradecylaminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate

Tetradecylaminobutyroylvalylaminobutyric Urea Trifluoroacetate (Inyline, Lipotec/BASF) is a long-chain lipopeptide derivative that mimics the acetylcholine receptor-blocking activity of waglerin-1, a peptide from the temple pit viper (Tropidolaemus wagleri). By competitively antagonizing the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), it reduces the force of facial muscle contraction and thereby softens dynamic expression wrinkles. Its mechanism complements SNARE-targeting peptides (e.g., Acetyl Hexapeptide-8) and collagen-stimulating signal peptides, making it a frequent component of comprehensive anti-aging peptide ampoules.

muscle-relaxingwrinkle-smoothingskin-conditioninganti-aging
Synthetic peptidomimetic of waglerin-1 (venom of Tropidolaemus wagleri, the temple pit viper) that acts as a competitive antagonist at the muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor — reducing voluntary facial muscle contraction to smooth expression linesWorks at the receptor level to reduce the strength of neuromuscular signals rather than blocking neurotransmitter release (unlike SNARE-targeting peptides such as Argireline), providing a complementary mechanism in multi-peptide anti-aging formulasClinically tested (Lipotec/BASF) to reduce the depth of forehead lines and crow's feet; positioned as a topical, non-injectable alternative to support muscle-relaxing anti-aging results
Not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding as a precautionary measure given its neuromuscular mechanismEfficacy is concentration- and formulation-dependent; anti-wrinkle benefit is temporary and requires continued use
+ Acetyl Tetrapeptide-2+ Acetyl Hexapeptide-8+ Palmitoyl Tripeptide-5
Active
Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

A stable, oil-soluble vitamin C derivative.

antioxidantvitamin-c
BrighteningAntioxidantBetter stability than pure vitamin C
+ Tocopherol
Other
Tetrahydropiperine

A synthetic analogue of piperine (CAS 23434-88-0) produced by catalytic hydrogenation of black pepper-derived piperine. Used in cosmetics as a transdermal penetration enhancer at very low concentrations (0.001–0.1%): fluidizes stratum corneum intercellular lipids, reducing barrier resistance and increasing absorption of co-applied actives. Effective for both hydrophilic and lipophilic ingredients. Non-irritating and non-sensitizing at cosmetic use levels in patch testing. Marketed as Cosmoperine® by Sabinsa. CosIng-listed (skin conditioning function), no EU concentration restriction.

penetration enhancerbioavailability enhancerskin conditioning
Enhances transdermal absorption of co-applied actives by fluidizing stratum corneum lipidsBoosts bioavailability of antioxidants, vitamin C, and other water- and oil-soluble activesEffective at very low concentrations (0.001–0.1%) — no meaningful contribution to formula texture or odor
Non-selective penetration enhancement: increases absorption of all co-applied ingredients, including potential irritants or allergens — use with caution in formulas containing high-risk activesWeak TRPV1 agonist activity inherited from piperine; pungency or tingling not reported at cosmetic doses but theoretically possible above 0.1%
Fragrance
Tetramethyl Acetyloctahydronaphthalenes

A synthetic ketone aromatic compound (C16H26O) used primarily as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics, also known as Iso E Super or TENA.

fragrancemaskingskin conditioning
Enhances product scent and perfumes the skinMasks unpleasant odors in formulations
EU-regulated fragrance allergen with documented sensitizing propertiesMay cause allergic reactions in fragrance-sensitive individuals
Other
Tetrasodium EDTA

The fully neutralized tetrasodium salt of EDTA, used as a chelating agent to sequester metal ions and improve the stability and performance of cosmetic preservative systems.

chelator
Binds trace metal ions to improve formula stability and preservation efficacyExtends product shelf life
Poorly biodegradable; environmental persistence concernRegarded as safe at cosmetic concentrations by CIR
Other
Tetrasodium Etidronate
TETRASODIUM ETIDRONATE

The tetrasodium salt of etidronic acid (HEDP — hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid). A chelating agent that binds calcium and heavy metal ions in formulations, preventing oxidative degradation and enhancing preservative effectiveness. Common in toners and emulsions.

chelating-agentpreservative-booster
Chelates heavy metals — prevents oxidative degradation of formulasEnhances preservative system efficacy
+ Phenoxyethanol+ Methylparaben
Other
Tetrasodium Glutamate Diacetate

A glutamic-acid-derived chelating agent and preservative booster that sequesters trace metal ions to stabilize cosmetic formulas; considered biodegradable and CIR-assessed as safe.

chelatorpreservative-booster
Chelates metal ions to prevent oxidative degradation and extend formula stabilityBoosts preservative system efficacyBiodegradable and eco-friendlier alternative to EDTA
Other
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate

An inorganic salt used as a chelating agent and pH buffer in cosmetic formulations to sequester metal ions and improve the performance of cleaning systems.

Chelating agentpH adjusterBuilderBuffering agent
Chelates hard water minerals to enhance cleansing efficacyStabilizes formula pHImproves lather and performance of surfactant systems
At high concentrations may be mildly irritating to skin or mucous membranesGenerally well tolerated at cosmetic use levels
Antioxidant
Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Extract
Theobroma Cacao Extract

An extract of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) rich in polyphenols such as flavanols that provide antioxidant and soothing benefits; distinct from the seed-specific extract form.

antioxidantsoothing
Rich in polyphenol antioxidantsSoothes and conditions skinSupports a healthy-looking complexion
Antioxidant
Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Extract

Cocoa seed extract rich in polyphenols, with antioxidant and soothing properties.

antioxidantsoothing
Antioxidant protectionSoothing
Emollient
Theobroma Cacao Seed Butter

A natural fat extracted from cacao seeds (Theobroma cacao) used as a rich emollient and occlusive ingredient in lip balms, body butters, and moisturizers.

emollientocclusiveskin-conditioning
Rich emollient that softens and moisturizes skinOcclusive barrier that reduces water lossContains naturally occurring fatty acids (stearic, oleic, palmitic) that nourish skin
Moderately comedogenic; may trigger breakouts in acne-prone users
Emollient
Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter

Butter pressed from the seeds of Theobroma grandiflorum (Cupuaçu), an Amazonian relative of cacao. Highly emollient; absorbs faster than shea or cocoa butter due to its unique fatty acid profile.

emollientocclusiveskin-conditioning
Forms a protective barrier to lock in moistureRich in fatty acids (stearic, oleic, palmitic) for deep skin conditioningPhytosterols support skin barrier repair
May feel heavy for very oily skin types
+ Shea Butter+ Ceramide NP+ Squalane
Antioxidant
Thermus Thermophillus Ferment

A ferment derived from Thermus thermophilus, a bacterium that thrives in extreme heat. Its thermostable antioxidant enzymes provide protection against oxidative stress. Used in Clinique's Moisture Surge franchise.

antioxidantskin-conditioning
Ferment from Thermus thermophilus, a thermophilic extremophile bacterium found in volcanic hot springsContains heat-stable antioxidant enzymes (SOD analogues) that neutralize free radicals under high-stress conditions